數控加工(gong)刀具必須(xu)適應數控車床(chuang)高(gao)(gao)速、高(gao)(gao)效和自動(dong)化程度高(gao)(gao)的特點，一般應包括通用(yong)刀具、通用(yong)連接(jie)刀柄(bing)及(ji)少量專用(yong)刀柄(bing)。刀柄(bing)要聯(lian)接(jie)刀具并裝在機床(chuang)動(dong)力(li)頭上，因此已逐(zhu)漸標準化和系列(lie)化。

數(shu)(shu)控加工(gong)(gong)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)必須適(shi)應(ying)數(shu)(shu)控車(che)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)高(gao)(gao)速(su)、高(gao)(gao)效和自(zi)動化程度高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)，一(yi)般應(ying)包括通(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)、通(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)連接(jie)(jie)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)柄(bing)及(ji)少(shao)量專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)柄(bing)。刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)柄(bing)要(yao)(yao)聯接(jie)(jie)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)并裝在機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)動力(li)頭(tou)上(shang)(shang)，因此已(yi)逐漸標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化和系列化。數(shu)(shu)控刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)類(lei)有(you)多種(zhong)(zhong)方法(fa)。根(gen)據(ju)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)結構可(ke)(ke)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)：①整體式(shi);②鑲嵌(qian)式(shi)，采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)焊接(jie)(jie)或(huo)(huo)機(ji)夾式(shi)聯接(jie)(jie)，機(ji)夾式(shi)又可(ke)(ke)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)不轉位和可(ke)(ke)轉位兩(liang)種(zhong)(zhong);③特(te)殊型式(shi)，如復合(he)式(shi)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)、減震式(shi)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)等(deng)。根(gen)據(ju)制(zhi)造(zao)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)所用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)材料(liao)可(ke)(ke)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)：①高(gao)(gao)速(su)鋼刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju);②硬質合(he)金刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju);③金剛(gang)石刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju);④其他材料(liao)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)，如立方氮化硼刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)、陶(tao)瓷刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)等(deng)。從(cong)切(qie)削(xue)工(gong)(gong)藝上(shang)(shang)可(ke)(ke)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)：①車(che)削(xue)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)，分(fen)(fen)外(wai)圓、內孔、螺紋、切(qie)割刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)等(deng)多種(zhong)(zhong);②鉆削(xue)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)，包括鉆頭(tou)、鉸刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、絲錐等(deng);③鏜削(xue)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju);④銑削(xue)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)等(deng)。為(wei)(wei)了適(shi)應(ying)數(shu)(shu)控車(che)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)對刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)耐用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)、穩定、易調(diao)、可(ke)(ke)換等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，近幾年(nian)機(ji)夾式(shi)可(ke)(ke)轉位刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)得到廣泛的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，在數(shu)(shu)量上(shang)(shang)達到整個(ge)數(shu)(shu)控刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)30～40，金屬切(qie)除量占總數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)80～90.數(shu)(shu)控刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)與普通(tong)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)上(shang)(shang)所用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)相比，有(you)許多不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，主要(yao)(yao)有(you)以(yi)下特(te)點(dian)：①剛(gang)性好(尤(you)其是粗加工(gong)(gong)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju))、精(jing)度高(gao)(gao)、抗(kang)振及(ji)熱(re)變形(xing)小;②互(hu)換性好，便于(yu)(yu)快速(su)換刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao);③壽命高(gao)(gao)，切(qie)削(xue)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)穩定、可(ke)(ke)靠;④刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)尺(chi)寸(cun)便于(yu)(yu)調(diao)整，以(yi)減少(shao)換刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)調(diao)整時間;⑤刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)應(ying)能(neng)(neng)(neng)可(ke)(ke)靠地斷屑(xie)或(huo)(huo)卷屑(xie)，以(yi)利于(yu)(yu)切(qie)屑(xie)的(de)(de)(de)排除;⑥系列化、標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化，以(yi)利于(yu)(yu)編程和刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)管理(li)。刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)選擇(ze)是在數(shu)(shu)控編程的(de)(de)(de)人機(ji)交互(hu)狀態下進行的(de)(de)(de)。應(ying)根(gen)據(ju)機(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力(li)、工(gong)(gong)件材料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)、加工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)序、切(qie)削(xue)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量以(yi)及(ji)其它相關因素正確選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)及(ji)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)柄(bing)。

刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)選擇(ze)總(zong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)則(ze)是：安(an)裝(zhuang)調(diao)整方(fang)便、剛(gang)性(xing)好(hao)、耐(nai)用度(du)和(he)精度(du)高。在(zai)滿(man)足加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)要求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前提(ti)下，盡量選擇(ze)較短的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)柄，以提(ti)高刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)剛(gang)性(xing)。選取刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)時，要使刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尺寸(cun)與被加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)尺寸(cun)相適應(ying)。生產中(zhong)，平面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)零(ling)件(jian)周邊輪廓(kuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，常(chang)采(cai)(cai)用立銑(xian)(xian)(xian)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao);銑(xian)(xian)(xian)削(xue)平面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)時，應(ying)選硬(ying)質合(he)(he)金刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)片銑(xian)(xian)(xian)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao);加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)凸臺、凹槽時，選高速(su)鋼(gang)立銑(xian)(xian)(xian)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao);加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)毛坯表面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)或粗(cu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孔時，可選取鑲硬(ying)質合(he)(he)金刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)片的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)玉米(mi)銑(xian)(xian)(xian)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao);對(dui)一(yi)(yi)些立體(ti)型面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)和(he)變(bian)斜角(jiao)輪廓(kuo)外形的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，常(chang)采(cai)(cai)用球(qiu)頭銑(xian)(xian)(xian)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、環(huan)形銑(xian)(xian)(xian)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、錐形銑(xian)(xian)(xian)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)和(he)盤形銑(xian)(xian)(xian)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。在(zai)進行自由(you)曲面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(模具(ju))加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時，由(you)于(yu)(yu)球(qiu)頭刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)端(duan)部切削(xue)速(su)度(du)為零(ling)，因此(ci)(ci)，為保證(zheng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)精度(du)，切削(xue)行距一(yi)(yi)般(ban)采(cai)(cai)用頂端(duan)密距，故球(qiu)頭常(chang)用于(yu)(yu)曲面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。而平頭刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)在(zai)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量和(he)切削(xue)效率方(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)都優于(yu)(yu)球(qiu)頭刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，因此(ci)(ci)，只要在(zai)保證(zheng)不過(guo)切的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前提(ti)下，無論是曲面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粗(cu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)還是精加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，都應(ying)優先選擇(ze)平頭刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。

另外，刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)耐用(yong)度和(he)精度與刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)價格關(guan)系極(ji)大，必(bi)須(xu)引起注意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)，在(zai)(zai)大多(duo)數情況(kuang)下(xia)(xia)，選擇好的(de)(de)(de)(de)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)雖(sui)然增加(jia)(jia)(jia)了(le)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)成(cheng)(cheng)本，但由此帶來的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)和(he)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)效(xiao)率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)提高，則可(ke)以(yi)使整(zheng)個(ge)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)本大大降低。在(zai)(zai)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)心上，各種(zhong)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)分(fen)別裝在(zai)(zai)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)庫上，按(an)程序規(gui)定(ding)隨(sui)時進行(xing)(xing)選刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)和(he)換刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)動(dong)作。因(yin)此必(bi)須(xu)采用(yong)標(biao)準刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)柄(bing)，以(yi)便使鉆、鏜(tang)、擴、銑(xian)削等(deng)(deng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)序用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)迅速、準確(que)地裝到機床(chuang)主(zhu)軸或刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)庫上去。編(bian)程人員應(ying)了(le)解機床(chuang)上所用(yong)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)柄(bing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結構尺寸(cun)、調整(zheng)方法以(yi)及調整(zheng)范圍，以(yi)便在(zai)(zai)編(bian)程時確(que)定(ding)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)徑向(xiang)和(he)軸向(xiang)尺寸(cun)。目前我國的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)心采用(yong)TSG工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)系統(tong)，其刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)柄(bing)有直柄(bing)(3種(zhong)規(gui)格)和(he)錐柄(bing)(4種(zhong)規(gui)格)2種(zhong)，共包括(kuo)16種(zhong)不同(tong)用(yong)途(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)柄(bing)。在(zai)(zai)經濟型數控車(che)床(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程中(zhong)(zhong)，由于刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)刃磨、測量(liang)(liang)和(he)更換多(duo)為(wei)人工(gong)(gong)(gong)手動(dong)進行(xing)(xing)，占用(yong)輔助(zhu)時間較長，因(yin)此，必(bi)須(xu)合理安排刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)排列(lie)順序。一(yi)般應(ying)遵循以(yi)下(xia)(xia)原則：①盡量(liang)(liang)減少刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)數量(liang)(liang);②一(yi)把刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)裝夾(jia)后，應(ying)完成(cheng)(cheng)其所能(neng)進行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)所有加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)步驟;③粗精加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)應(ying)分(fen)開使用(yong)，即(ji)使是(shi)相同(tong)尺寸(cun)規(gui)格的(de)(de)(de)(de)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju);④先銑(xian)后鉆;⑤先進行(xing)(xing)曲(qu)面精加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，后進行(xing)(xing)二維輪廓精加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong);⑥在(zai)(zai)可(ke)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下(xia)(xia)，應(ying)盡可(ke)能(neng)利用(yong)數控車(che)床(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自動(dong)換刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)功能(neng)，以(yi)提高生產效(xiao)率(lv)等(deng)(deng)。

合理(li)選(xuan)擇切(qie)(qie)(qie)削(xue)用(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)原則(ze)是(shi)：粗加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時，一(yi)般以(yi)(yi)(yi)提(ti)(ti)高生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)率(lv)為主，但(dan)(dan)也(ye)應(ying)(ying)考慮經濟性(xing)(xing)和加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)成本(ben);半精(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和精(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時，應(ying)(ying)在(zai)保證加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)前提(ti)(ti)下(xia)，兼顧(gu)切(qie)(qie)(qie)削(xue)效率(lv)、經濟性(xing)(xing)和加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)成本(ben)。具(ju)(ju)體(ti)數(shu)值(zhi)應(ying)(ying)根(gen)據(ju)機床(chuang)說明書、切(qie)(qie)(qie)削(xue)用(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)手冊(ce)，并結合經驗而(er)定(ding)(ding)。具(ju)(ju)體(ti)要(yao)考慮以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)幾個因(yin)素:①切(qie)(qie)(qie)削(xue)深(shen)度(du)(du)t.在(zai)機床(chuang)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件和刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)剛(gang)度(du)(du)允許的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下(xia)，t就(jiu)等(deng)于加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)余量(liang)(liang)，這是(shi)提(ti)(ti)高生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個有(you)(you)效措(cuo)施(shi)。為了(le)保證零件的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)精(jing)度(du)(du)和表面(mian)(mian)粗糙(cao)度(du)(du)，一(yi)般應(ying)(ying)留一(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)余量(liang)(liang)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)精(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。數(shu)控車床(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)精(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)余量(liang)(liang)可(ke)(ke)略小于普(pu)通機床(chuang)。②切(qie)(qie)(qie)削(xue)寬(kuan)度(du)(du)L.一(yi)般L與(yu)刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)直徑d成正比，與(yu)切(qie)(qie)(qie)削(xue)深(shen)度(du)(du)成反(fan)比。經濟型(xing)數(shu)控車床(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中(zhong)，一(yi)般L的(de)(de)(de)取值(zhi)范圍為：L=(0.6～0.9)d.③切(qie)(qie)(qie)削(xue)速度(du)(du)v.提(ti)(ti)高v也(ye)是(shi)提(ti)(ti)高生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個措(cuo)施(shi)，但(dan)(dan)v與(yu)刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)耐(nai)用(yong)(yong)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)關系比較密切(qie)(qie)(qie)。隨著v的(de)(de)(de)增大(da)，刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)耐(nai)用(yong)(yong)度(du)(du)急劇(ju)下(xia)降，故v的(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇主要(yao)取決(jue)于刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)耐(nai)用(yong)(yong)度(du)(du)。另外，切(qie)(qie)(qie)削(xue)速度(du)(du)與(yu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)材料也(ye)有(you)(you)很大(da)關系，例(li)如用(yong)(yong)立銑刀(dao)(dao)銑削(xue)合金剛(gang)30CrNi2MoVA時，v可(ke)(ke)采用(yong)(yong)8m/min左右(you);而(er)用(yong)(yong)同樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)立銑刀(dao)(dao)銑削(xue)鋁合金時，v可(ke)(ke)選(xuan)200m/min以(yi)(yi)(yi)上。④主軸(zhou)轉(zhuan)速n(r/min)。主軸(zhou)轉(zhuan)速一(yi)般根(gen)據(ju)切(qie)(qie)(qie)削(xue)速度(du)(du)v來(lai)選(xuan)定(ding)(ding)。計算(suan)公式(shi)為：v=nd/1000.數(shu)控車床(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)控制(zhi)面(mian)(mian)板上一(yi)般備有(you)(you)主軸(zhou)轉(zhuan)速修調(倍率(lv))開關，可(ke)(ke)在(zai)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中(zhong)對主軸(zhou)轉(zhuan)速進(jin)(jin)行(xing)整倍數(shu)調整。⑤進(jin)(jin)給速度(du)(du)vF.vF應(ying)(ying)根(gen)據(ju)零件的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)精(jing)度(du)(du)和表面(mian)(mian)粗糙(cao)度(du)(du)要(yao)求以(yi)(yi)(yi)及刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)和工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件材料來(lai)選(xuan)擇。vF的(de)(de)(de)增加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)也(ye)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)提(ti)(ti)高生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)效率(lv)。加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)表面(mian)(mian)粗糙(cao)度(du)(du)要(yao)求低時，vF可(ke)(ke)選(xuan)擇得大(da)些。在(zai)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中(zhong)，vF也(ye)可(ke)(ke)通過(guo)機床(chuang)控制(zhi)面(mian)(mian)板上的(de)(de)(de)修調開關進(jin)(jin)行(xing)人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)調整，但(dan)(dan)是(shi)進(jin)(jin)給速度(du)(du)要(yao)受到設(she)備剛(gang)度(du)(du)和進(jin)(jin)給系統性(xing)(xing)能等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)限(xian)制(zhi)。    

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