數(shu)控(kong)車床(chuang)(chuang)作(zuo)為一種由程序(xu)指(zhi)令控(kong)制的(de)自動化機床(chuang)(chuang)，能夠(gou)有效地按照圖紙要求加工(gong)零件，尤其是解(jie)(jie)決了一些復雜(za)和精(jing)密(mi)零件的(de)加工(gong)問題，是現代技(ji)術(shu)發展(zhan)中不可或缺的(de)機電一體化產品(pin)。數(shu)據車床(chuang)(chuang)作(zuo)為加工(gong)精(jing)密(mi)零件的(de)重要設(she)備，其刀(dao)(dao)具的(de)位置至關重要，對刀(dao)(dao)工(gong)作(zuo)是保證數(shu)控(kong)車床(chuang)(chuang)正(zheng)常運行的(de)重要項目。在實際(ji)操作(zuo)中，深入了解(jie)(jie)對刀(dao)(dao)的(de)原理(li)和方法，有利于(yu)操作(zuo)者理(li)清思路，減少(shao)因(yin)機械原因(yin)造成的(de)零件報廢。本文主要討(tao)論對刀(dao)(dao)的(de)原理(li)，并對對刀(dao)(dao)的(de)方法進(jin)行探究，旨在進(jin)一步(bu)完善數(shu)控(kong)車床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)加工(gong)度。
就像我們小學就開始學的數學一樣，一直在學習X、Y軸，沒錯，我們講的就是cnc數控車(che)床的坐標系原理。
一(yi)、cnc數控(kong)車床的坐標系統
1．cnc數(shu)控車床坐(zuo)標系(xi)
以機(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)原點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為坐(zuo)標(biao)(biao)原點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)建(jian)立(li)起(qi)來的(de)X、Y、Z軸直(zhi)角坐(zuo)標(biao)(biao)系(xi)，稱(cheng)為機(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)坐(zuo)標(biao)(biao)系(xi)。機(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)原點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為機(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)上的(de)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)固(gu)定點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，也稱(cheng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)零(ling)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。機(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)零(ling)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是通(tong)過機(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)參考(kao)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)間(jian)接確(que)定的(de)，機(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)參考(kao)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)也是機(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)上的(de)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)固(gu)定點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，其與機(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)零(ling)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)間(jian)有(you)一(yi)確(que)定的(de)相(xiang)對位(wei)置(zhi)，一(yi)般設置(zhi)在(zai)(zai)刀具(ju)(ju)運動的(de)X、Y、Z正(zheng)向zui大極限位(wei)置(zhi)。在(zai)(zai)機(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)每次(ci)通(tong)電(dian)之后，工作(zuo)之前，必須進行(xing)回機(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)零(ling)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)操(cao)作(zuo)，使(shi)刀具(ju)(ju)運動到機(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)參考(kao)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，其位(wei)置(zhi)由機(ji)(ji)(ji)械檔塊(kuai)確(que)定。這(zhe)樣(yang)，通(tong)過機(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)回零(ling)操(cao)作(zuo)，確(que)定了機(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)零(ling)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，從而準確(que)地建(jian)立(li)機(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)坐(zuo)標(biao)(biao)系(xi)，即相(xiang)當于數控(kong)系(xi)統內(nei)部(bu)建(jian)立(li)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)以機(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)零(ling)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為坐(zuo)標(biao)(biao)原點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)坐(zuo)標(biao)(biao)系(xi)。機(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)坐(zuo)標(biao)(biao)系(xi)是機(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)固(gu)有(you)的(de)坐(zuo)標(biao)(biao)系(xi)，一(yi)般情況下(xia)，機(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)坐(zuo)標(biao)(biao)系(xi)在(zai)(zai)機(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)出廠前已經(jing)調(diao)整好，不允許用戶(hu)隨(sui)意變動。
2．cnc數控車床工件坐標系
工件(jian)圖(tu)樣給出(chu)以后，首先應找出(chu)圖(tu)樣上的設計基準(zhun)點(dian)。其他各(ge)項尺寸(cun)均是(shi)以此點(dian)為基準(zhun)進行標(biao)注。該基準(zhun)點(dian)稱為工件(jian)原(yuan)點(dian)。以工件(jian)原(yuan)點(dian)為坐(zuo)標(biao)原(yuan)點(dian)建立的X、Y、Z軸直角坐(zuo)標(biao)系(xi)，稱為工件(jian)坐(zuo)標(biao)系(xi)。
工(gong)件(jian)坐(zuo)標系是(shi)用來確定工(gong)件(jian)幾何(he)形體上各要素(su)的(de)位(wei)置而設置的(de)坐(zuo)標系，工(gong)件(jian)原(yuan)點(dian)的(de)位(wei)置是(shi)人為設定的(de)，它是(shi)由編(bian)程人員在編(bian)制程序時根(gen)據工(gong)件(jian)的(de)特點(dian)選定的(de)，所以也稱編(bian)程原(yuan)點(dian)。
cnc數控車床(chuang)加(jia)工(gong)零件的工(gong)件原點(dian)(dian)一般(ban)選擇(ze)在工(gong)件右(you)端面(mian)、左端面(mian)或卡(ka)爪的前(qian)端面(mian)與Z軸的交點(dian)(dian)上。是以(yi)工(gong)件右(you)端面(mian)與Z軸的交點(dian)(dian)作(zuo)為工(gong)件原點(dian)(dian)的工(gong)件坐標系(xi)。
我們講了他的兩個坐標系統原理，X、Y軸為基點，延伸開來，我們在安裝cnc數控車床也需要按照這個坐標來進行，在工作中也是，編程人員在設計程序中以編程原點為出發點設計，每一臺cnc數控車床機器對準刀就可以。 //taomeizhuang.cn/